Gene expression profile in squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder using complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray

Ewis, Ashraf A.; El-Samman, Essam; Ali, Nermin; Kajimoto, Kazuaki; Shinohara, Yasuo; Ishikawa, Mitsuru; Kanayama, Hiro-Omi; Baba, Yoshinobu

doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.03.006

« Previous Next »Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 120-127, March 2007

Gene expression profile in squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder using complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray

Ashraf A. Ewis, M.D., Ph.D.
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST-Shikoku), Takamatsu, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-87-869-4104; fax: +81-87-869-4113.
Essam El-Samman, Ph.D.
- Department of Urology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Urology, Egyptian National Institute of Oncology, Sohag, Egypt
Nermin Ali, M.D., Ph.D.
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
Kazuaki Kajimoto, Ph.D.
- Division of Gene Expression, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
Yasuo Shinohara, Ph.D.
- Division of Gene Expression, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
Mitsuru Ishikawa, Ph.D.
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST-Shikoku), Takamatsu, Japan
Hiro-Omi Kanayama, M.D., Ph.D.
- Department of Urology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
Yoshinobu Baba, Ph.D.
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST-Shikoku), Takamatsu, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Received 21 November 2005; received in revised form 20 March 2006; accepted 21 March 2006.

Abstract

To date, molecular evidence studies for bladder cancer, using the microarray technology, are focusing on the transitional cell carcinoma, however, similar fingerprinting studies have rarely been performed on the other molecular phenotypes of bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study was conducted to monitor the gene expression profiles for bilharzial-related SCC of the bladder to be able to compare its data with transitional cell carcinoma microarray data. A total of 17 paired bilharzial urinary bladder SCC specimens and their corresponding normal urothelium were analyzed using the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray hybridization approach to study the molecular basis of the development of SCC of the urinary bladder. Validation of the microarray results was performed using the Northern blotting technique. After supervised analysis of the microarray data, there was at least a 3-fold difference in the expression between SCC of the bladder and normal urothelium in 82 genes. A total of 38 genes were up-regulated in SCC of the bladder, including matrix degradation-related genes, growth factors, different oncogenes, and immunology related genes. Conversely, 44 genes were down-regulated in SCC of the bladder, including integrins, laminins, cadherins, nonmetastatic cell 1 (NM23) and apoptosis-related genes. Our findings can explain the aggressive behavior of SCC of the bladder. Such gene profiling studies will add to our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and may also improve our ability to diagnose and treat bladder cancer.

Keywords: Bladder cancer, Bilharziasis, Squamous cell carcinoma, Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray, Gene expression