Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 33-37 , January 2012

C-reactive protein as an adverse prognostic marker for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): Confirmatory results

  • Renee C. Prins, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University (Sam Jackson Park Rd.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
  • ,
  • Brooks L. Rademacher, B.A.

      Affiliations

    • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University (Bond Ave.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
  • ,
  • Solange Mongoue-Tchokote, M.S.

      Affiliations

    • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University (Sam Jackson Park Rd.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
  • ,
  • Joshi J. Alumkal, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University (Bond Ave.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
  • ,
  • Julie N. Graff, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University (Bond Ave.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
  • ,
  • Kristine M. Eilers, B.A.

      Affiliations

    • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University (Bond Ave.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
  • ,
  • Tomasz M. Beer, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University (Bond Ave.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-503-494-0365; fax: +1-503-494-6197

Received 6 October 2009 ,Revised 10 November 2009 ,Accepted 10 November 2009.

References 

  1. Balkwill F , Mantovani A . Inflammation and cancer: Back to Virchow? . Lancet . 2001;357:539–545
  2. Coussens LM , Werb Z . Inflammation and cancer . Nature . 2002;420:860–867
  3. Mantovani A , Allavena P , Sica A , et al.  Cancer-related inflammation . Nature . 2008;454:436–444
  4. Hussain SP , Hofseth LJ , Harris CC . Radical causes of cancer . Nat Rev Cancer . 2003;3:276–285
  5. Ames BN , Gold LS , Willett WC . The causes and prevention of cancer . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 1995;92:5258–5265
  6. Cerutti PA , Trump BF . Inflammation and oxidative stress in carcinogenesis . Cancer Cells . 1991;3:1–7
  7. Parsonnet J , Friedman GD , Vandersteen DP , et al.  Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma . N Engl J Med . 1991;325:1127–1131
  8. Rhodes JM , Campbell BJ . Inflammation and colorectal cancer: IBD-associated and sporadic cancer compared . Trends Mol Med . 2002;8:10–16
  9. Imperial JC . Natural history of chronic hepatitis B and C . J Gastroenterol Hepatol . 1999;14(Suppl):S1–S5
  10. Pisani P , Parkin DM , Munoz N , et al.  Cancer and infection: Estimates of the attributable fraction in 1990 . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 1997;6:387–400
  11. De Marzo AM , Marchi VL , Epstein JI , et al.  Proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: Implications for prostatic carcinogenesis . Am J Pathol . 1999;155:1985–1992
  12. Dennis LK , Lynch CF , Torner JC . Epidemiologic association between prostatitis and prostate cancer . Urology . 2002;60:78–83
  13. Mahmud S , Franco E , Aprikian A . Prostate cancer and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Systematic review and meta-analysis . Br J Cancer . 2004;90:93–99
  14. Nelson JE , Harris RE . Inverse association of prostate cancer and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Results of a case-control study . Oncol Rep . 2000;7:169–170
  15. Corley DA , Kerlikowske K , Verma R , et al.  Protective association of aspirin/NSAIDs and esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Gastroenterology . 2003;124:47–56
  16. Dannenberg AJ , Subbaramaiah K . Targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in human neoplasia: Rationale and promise . Cancer Cell . 2003;4:431–436
  17. Suh O , Mettlin C , Petrelli N . Aspirin use, cancer, and polyps of the large bowel . Cancer . 1993;72:1171–1177
  18. Cook NR , Lee IM , Gaziano JM , et al.  Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer: The Women's Health Study: A randomized controlled trial . JAMA . 2005;294:47–55
  19. Daniels NA , Chen YH , Bent S . Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory use and the risk of prostate cancer . BMC Res Notes . 2009;2:57
  20. Eliassen AH , Chen WY , Spiegelman D , et al.  Use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women in The Nurses' Health Study II . Arch Intern Med . 2009;169:115–121 Discussion 21
  21. Genkinger JM , De Vivo I , Stampfer MJ , et al.  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and risk of bladder cancer in the health professionals follow-up study . Int J Cancer . 2007;120:2221–2225
  22. Pepys MB , Hirschfield GM . C-reactive protein: A critical update . J Clin Invest . 2003;111:1805–1812
  23. Tillett WS , Francis T . Serological reactions in pneumonia with a non-protein somatic fraction of Pneumococcus . J Exp Med . 1930;52:561–571
  24. Tartour E , Dorval T , Mosseri V , et al.  Serum interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein levels correlate with resistance to IL-2 therapy and poor survival in melanoma patients . Br J Cancer . 1994;69:911–913
  25. Nozoe T , Matsumata T , Kitamura M , et al.  Significance of preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein as an indicator for prognosis in colorectal cancer . Am J Surg . 1998;176:335–338
  26. Legouffe E , Rodriguez C , Picot MC , et al.  C-reactive protein serum level is a valuable and simple prognostic marker in non Hodgkin's lymphoma . Leuk Lymphoma . 1998;31:351–357
  27. Nozoe T , Saeki H , Sugimachi K . Significance of preoperative elevation of serum C-reactive protein as an indicator of prognosis in esophageal carcinoma . Am J Surg . 2001;182:197–201
  28. Polterauer S , Grimm C , Tempfer C , et al.  C-reactive protein is a prognostic parameter in patients with cervical cancer . Gynecol Oncol . 2007;107:114–117
  29. Schmid M , Schneitter A , Hinterberger S , et al.  Association of elevated C-reactive protein levels with an impaired prognosis in patients with surgically treated endometrial cancer . Obstet Gynecol . 2007;110:1231–1236
  30. Hefler LA , Concin N , Hofstetter G , et al.  Serum C-reactive protein as independent prognostic variable in patients with ovarian cancer . Clin Cancer Res . 2008;14:710–714
  31. Tatokoro M , Saito K , Iimura Y , et al.  Prognostic impact of postoperative C-reactive protein level in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy . J Urol . 2008;180:515–519
  32. Beer TM , Lalani AS , Lee S , et al.  C-reactive protein as a prognostic marker for men with androgen-independent prostate cancer: Results from the ASCENT trial . Cancer . 2008;112:2377–2383
  33. Beer TM , Garzotto M , Katovic NM . High-dose calcitriol and carboplatin in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer . Am J Clin Oncol . 2004;27:535–541
  34. Tiffany NM , Ryan CW , Garzotto M , et al.  High dose pulse calcitriol, docetaxel, and estramustine for androgen independent prostate cancer: A phase I/II study . J Urol . 2005;174:888–892
  35. Beer TM , Eilers KM , Garzotto M , et al.  Weekly high-dose calcitriol and docetaxel in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:123–128
  36. Tiffany NM , Wersinger EM , Garzotto M , et al.  Imatinib mesylate and zoledronic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer . Urology . 2004;63:934–939
  37. Beer TM , Garzotto M , Eilers KM , et al.  Targeting FSH in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Abarelix for prostate cancer progressing after orchiectomy . Urology . 2004;63:342–347
  38. Beer TM , Garzotto M , Eilers KM , et al.  Phase II study of abarelix depot for androgen independent prostate cancer progression during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy . J Urol . 2003;169:1738–1741
  39. Hastie T , Tibshirani R . Exploring the nature of covariate effects in the proportional hazards model . Biometrics . 1990;46:1005–1016
  40. Garzotto M , Beer TM , Hudson RG , et al.  Improved detection of prostate cancer using classification and regression tree analysis . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:4322–4329
  41. Yang J , Wezeman M , Zhang X , et al.  Human C-reactive protein binds activating Fcγ receptors and protects myeloma tumor cells from apoptosis . Cancer Cell . 2007;12:252–265
  42. Albert MA , Danielson E , Rifai N , et al.  Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: The pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation (PRINCE): A randomized trial and cohort study . JAMA . 2001;286:64–70
  43. Poynter JN , Gruber SB , Higgins PD , et al.  Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer . N Engl J Med . 2005;352:2184–2192
  44. Shannon J , Tewoderos S , Garzotto M , et al.  Statins and prostate cancer risk: A case-control study . Am J Epidemiol . 2005;162:318–325
  45. Halabi S , Small EJ , Kantoff PW , et al.  Prognostic model for predicting survival in men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:1232–1237
  46. Armstrong AJ , Garrett-Mayer ES , Yang YC , et al.  A contemporary prognostic nomogram for men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer: A TAX327 study analysis . Clin Cancer Res . 2007;13:6396–6403
  47. Pound CR , Partin AW , Eisenberger MA , et al.  Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy . JAMA . 1999;281:1591–1597

PII: S1078-1439(09)00365-2

doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.11.012

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 33-37 , January 2012